Malaysia lies in a geographically stable region, relatively free from natural disasters, but is affected by flooding, landslides, haze and other man-made disasters. Annually, flood disasters account for significant losses, both tangible and intangible. Disaster management in Malaysia is traditionally almost entirely based on a government-centric top-down approach. The National Security Council (NSC), under the Prime Minister’s Office, is responsible for policies and the National Disaster Management and Relief Committee (NDMRC) is responsible for coordinating all relief operations before, during and after a disaster. The NDMRC has equivalent organizations at the state, district and “mukim” (sub-district) levels. In terms of floods, the NDMRC would take the form of the National Flood Disaster Relief and Preparedness Committee (NFDRPC). Its main task is to ensure that assistance and aid are provided to flood victims in an orderly and effective manner from the national level downwards. Its approach is largely reactive to flood disasters. The NFDRPC is activated via a National Flood Disaster Management Mechanism (NFDMM). Members of the NFDRPC include Government departments/agencies and social organizations which provide shelter, rescue and food supplies in case of disaster. The NFDRPC meets at least once a year, normally before the onset of the northeast monsoon. The meeting is between all organizations involved with flood disaster management, and is focused on the need to get ready before the monsoon arrives (bringing floods with it). Its purpose is to ensure that its machinery will run smoothly. At the national level, the NSC is the secretariat for the NFDRPC which comprises members from the Ministries of Information, Finance, National Unity and Social development, Transport, the Federal Chief Secretary, the Federal Police Department and the Federal Armed Forces