An earthquake with an epicenter in the west coast of Sumatra, Indonesia sparked a chain of injurious tsunamis along the shoreline bordering the Indian Ocean, killing thousands of people in eleven countries. Aside from damage to properties and lives claimed, it resulted to exacerbating the dire conditions of the poor and vulnerable communities. The sources of livelihood of the people were destroyed. That said, rebuilding their lives of those who survived the catastrophe became a critical challenge. This chapter examines the social protection programs focusing on the livelihood of affected communities in Indonesia and Thailand after the tsunami. From community-level examples, the chapter will draw issues, challenges, and impacts in social protection in relation to building resiliency in a post-disaster context. The author argue that social protection is not only a means to aid survivors in recovery, but it also reduces poverty, improves the lives of survivors, and facilitates communities’ adaptation and mitigation to future disaster risks toward resiliency.