Publication

Internal structure of event layers preserved on the Andaman Sea continental shelf, Thailand: tsunami vs. storm and flash-flood deposits


Publication Date : 2015-06-12
Author : Sakuna-Schwartz, D.Feldens, P.Schwarzer, K.Khokiattiwong, S.Stattegger, K.
Countries : Thailand
Disaster Management Theme :
Disaster Type : Tsunami
Document Type : Research Paper
Languange : en
Link : https://www.nat-hazards-earth-syst-sci.net/15/1181/2015/nhess-15-1181-2015.pdf

Abstact :

Tsunami, storm and ?ash-?ood event layers, which have been deposited over the last century on the shelf offshore Khao Lak (Thailand, Andaman Sea), are identi?ed in sediment cores based on sedimentary structures, grain size compositions, Ti/Ca ratios and 210Pb activity. Individual offshore tsunami deposits are 12 to 30cm in thickness and originate from the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami. They are characterized by (1) the appearance of sand layers enriched in shells and shell debris and (2) the appearance of mud and sand clasts. Storm deposits found in core depths between 5 and 82cm could be attributed to recent storm events by using 210Pb pro?les in conjunction with historical data of typhoons and tropical storms. Massive sand layers enriched in shells and shell debris characterize storm deposits. The last classi?ed type of event layer represents reworked ?ash-?ood deposits, which are characterized by a ?ning-upward sequence of muddy sediment. The most distinct difference between storm and tsunami deposits is the lack of mud and sand clasts, mud content and terrigenous material within storm deposits. Terrigenous material transported offshore during the tsunami backwash is therefore an important indicator to distinguish between storm and tsunami deposits in offshore environments.