Jakarta, as the capital of the Republic of Indonesia, has long been known to be at risk from ?ood hazard. It is increasingly recognized that community responses and adaptation strategies are essential for planning future mitigation action. In order to investigate the community responses and adaptation strategies employed in Jakarta, indepth interviews were performed in the ?ood-prone areas. The results reveal that vulnerability to ?ooding is increasing, and it is linked to several factors: (1) stakeholders, (2) environment, (3) communities, and (4) infrastructure and its maintenance. Various physical adaptation strategies have been adopted by the local communities, which include raising the housing level, building terraced housing, and building small dikes to prevent water entering the settlements. Several non-physical adaptations were also identi?ed from the ?eldwork. These adaptations tend to be conducted through communal work and the reuse of resources and materials left undamaged by ?ooding. However, uncoordinated responses during ?ood events produce greater exposure to the hazard, and it can be inferred that community responses remain below the ideal. This study highlights the need for urgent attention to be given to improving the institutional links between stakeholders, especially at the municipal level, which could provide more ef?cient disaster response.